{"id":21,"date":"2026-05-28T08:14:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T01:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smicoec.com\/?p=21"},"modified":"2026-05-28T08:14:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T01:14:00","slug":"hieu-dung-ve-incoterms-2020-va-cach-chon-dieu-kien-giao-hang-phu-hop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/?p=21","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 Incoterms 2020 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/bc_4534_22931.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0: b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? B\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc Incoterms do Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICC) ban h\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Incoterms 2020, g\u1ed3m 11 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n giao r\u1ee7i ro, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Hi\u1ec3u sai m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft ba k\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e1nh kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tranh ch\u1ea5p khi h\u00e0ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Incoterms: ph\u00e2n chia r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Incoterms quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Incoterms ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ba nh\u00f3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: ai tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0o, r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ai lo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thanh to\u00e1n hay h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 khi vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn do lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu Incoterms v\u1eeba quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00f3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>Incoterms 2020 chia 11 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m. Nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU v\u00e0 DDP. Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ed3m FAS, FOB, CFR v\u00e0 CIF. Sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng FOB ho\u1eb7c CIF cho l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng container. Khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng container, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n giao h\u00e0ng cho h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u t\u1ea1i b\u00e3i container ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tay x\u1ebfp qua lan can t\u00e0u, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 FCA, CPT ho\u1eb7c CIP. D\u00f9ng FOB cho h\u00e0ng container t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb khi container r\u1eddi tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u00ean t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EXW (Giao t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng):<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i kho c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua lo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>FOB (Giao l\u00ean t\u00e0u):<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CIF (Ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed):<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n tr\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ngay khi h\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DDP (Giao \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf):<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n g\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a, lo c\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2020<\/h2>\n<p>So v\u1edbi Incoterms 2010, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2020 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n DAT c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh DPU (Giao t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 xu\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn b\u00e3i. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIP, m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean lo\u1ea1i A theo \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m London, t\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t, trong khi CIF v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i C. Ngo\u00e0i ra, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec thu\u00ea b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n<h2>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/h2>\n<p>Doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u non kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 FCA ho\u1eb7c FOB, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng theo CIF hay CIP, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed DAP \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, mua theo EXW hay FCA cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logistics v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thu x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng l\u00e0: ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eebng cam k\u1ebft giao h\u00e0ng t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<h2>Ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Incoterms cho \u0111\u00fang trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: m\u00e3 ba ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u0103m phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8220;CIF C\u1ea3ng C\u00e1t L\u00e1i, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Incoterms 2020&#8221;. Vi\u1ec7c ghi r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 FCA hay DAP, \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u1ee7i ro chuy\u1ec3n giao. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, hai b\u00ean d\u1ec5 tranh c\u00e3i khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Incoterms kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i hay \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n chia ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0: b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? B\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc Incoterms do Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICC) ban h\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chua-phan-loai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smicoec.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}